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Extreme weather is fueling a rise in heart attacks and strokes, with heat waves and cold snaps contributing to the rise, according to new research reported by SWNS.
The findings, presented last week at the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) congress, analyzed data from more than eight million residents of Eastern Poland between 2011 and 2020.
During that decade, researchers recorded over 573,000 major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
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“Climate change is driving extreme weather events, yet temperate climates remain understudied,” Professor Lukasz Kuzma, of the Medical University of Bialystok, told SWNS. “Poland is now seeing unprecedented heat waves alongside existing cold waves.”
The study found that while both types of temperature extremes are dangerous, they attack the body in different ways.
In heat waves, the impact is immediate. On the day of the weather occurrence, major cardiovascular events spiked by 7.5%, while cardiovascular deaths jumped by 9.5%, according to the report.
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The impact of a cold wave is delayed but sustained. The risk of major events rose between 4% and 5.9% in the days following exposure.
Air pollution intensified the risks of extreme temperatures, the data showed. Approximately 13% of all cardiovascular deaths were attributed to pollution, representing more than 71,000 years of life lost over the 10-year period.
“Our results highlight that the problems of climate change now extend to Northern Europe and demonstrate the considerable combined hazards of temperature extremes and air pollution on increasing cardiovascular events,” Kuzma said.
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Contrary to traditional medical assumptions, the study found that monthly increases in pollution exposure were particularly dangerous for demographics often considered lower risk.
The risk of cardiovascular events was 5% higher in women than in men, and 9% higher in people under age 65 compared to those older than 65.
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“Even though air pollution is recognized as a major cardiovascular risk factor, it is still underappreciated,” said Dr. Anna Kurasz of the Medical University of Bialystok, per SWNS.
“These results challenge the traditional risk factor paradigm about which groups of individuals are most susceptible.”
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Looking ahead, Kuzma plans to investigate the impact of light and noise pollution, with the goal of modernizing how doctors predict patient risk.
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“We also aim to develop a method to incorporate environmental factors into a cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm to enable more effective targeting of preventive efforts,” he added.
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